X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency in ~1% of men under 60 years old with life-threatening COVID-19

Supplementary materials

COVID Human Genetic Effort

Laurent Abel¹, Alessandro Aiuti², Saleh Al-Muhsen³, Fahd Al-Mulla⁴, Mark S. Anderson⁵, Evangelos Andreakos⁶, Andrés A. Arias⁷, Hagit Baris Feldman⁸, Alexandre Belot⁹, Catherine M. Biggs¹⁰, Dusan Bogunovic¹¹, Alexandre Bolze¹², Anastasiia Bondarenko¹³, Ahmed A. Bousfiha¹⁴, Petter Brodin¹⁵, Yenan Bryceson¹⁶, Carlos D. Bustamante¹⁷, Manish J. Butte¹⁸, Giorgio Casari¹⁹, Samya Chakravorty²⁰, John Christodoulou²¹, Antonio Condino-Neto²², Stefan N. Constantinescu²³, Megan A. Cooper²⁴, Clifton L. Dalgard²⁵, Murkesh Desai²⁶, Beth A. Drolet²⁷, Jamila El Baghdadi²⁸, Sara Espinosa-Padilla²⁹, Jacques Fellay³⁰, Carlos Flores³¹, José Luis Franco⁷, Antoine Froidure³², Peter K. Gregersen³³, Filomeen Haerynck³⁴, David Hagin³⁵, Rabih Halwani​³⁶, Lennart Hammarström³⁷, James R. Heath³⁸, Sarah E. Henrickson³⁹, Elena W.Y. Hsieh⁴⁰, Eystein Husebye⁴¹, Kohsuke Imai⁴², Yuval Itan⁴³, Erich D. Jarvis⁴⁴, Timokratis Karamitros⁴⁵, Kai Kisand⁴⁶, Cheng-Lung Ku⁴⁷, Yu-Lung Lau⁴⁸, Yun Ling⁴⁹, Carrie L. Lucas⁵⁰, Tom Maniatis⁵¹, Davood Mansouri⁵², László Maródi⁵³, Isabelle Meyts⁵⁴, Joshua D. Milner⁵⁵, Kristina Mironska⁵⁶, Trine H. Mogensen⁵⁷, Tomohiro Morio⁵⁸, Lisa F.P. Ng⁵⁹, Luigi D. Notarangelo⁶⁰, Antonio Novelli⁶¹, Giuseppe Novelli⁶², Cliona O’Farrelly⁶³, Satoshi Okada⁶⁴, Tayfun Ozcelik⁶⁵, Qiang Pan-Hammarström³⁷, Rebeca Perez de Diego⁶⁶, Anna M. Planas⁶⁷, Carolina Prando⁶⁸, Aurora Pujol⁶⁹, Lluis Quintana-Murci⁷⁰, Laurent Renia⁵⁹, Igor Resnick⁷¹, Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego⁷², Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu⁷³, Anna Sediva⁷⁴, Mikko R.J. Seppänen⁷⁵, Mohammed Shahrooei⁷⁶, Anna Shcherbina⁷⁷, Ondrej Slaby⁷⁸, Andrew L. Snow⁷⁹, Pere Soler-Palacín⁸⁰, András N. Spaan⁸¹, Ivan Tancevski⁸², Stuart G. Tangye⁸³, Ahmad Abou Tayoun⁸⁴, Sathishkumar Ramaswamy⁸⁴, Stuart E Turvey⁸⁵, K M Furkan Uddin⁸⁶, Mohammed J. Uddin⁸⁷, Diederik van de Beek⁸⁸, Donald C. Vinh⁸⁹, Horst von Bernuth⁹⁰, Mayana Zatz⁹¹, Pawel Zawadzki⁹², Helen C. Su⁶⁰, Jean-Laurent Casanova⁹³

¹INSERM U1163, University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. ²San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. ³Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ⁴Dasman Diabetes Institute, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman, Kuwait. ⁵Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. ⁶Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. ⁷Universidad de Antioquia, Group of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia. ⁸The Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. ⁹Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, HFME, Hospices Civils de Lyon, National Referee Centre RAISE, and INSERM U1111, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. ¹⁰Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada ¹¹Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. ¹²Helix, San Mateo, CA, USA. ¹³Shupyk National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine. ¹⁴Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, CHU Ibn Rushd and LICIA, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique, Inflammation et Allergie, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco. ¹⁵SciLifeLab, Department Of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ¹⁶Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ¹⁷Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ¹⁸Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ¹⁹Clinical Genomics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy ²⁰Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ²¹Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia ²²Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ²³de Duve Institute and Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium ²⁴Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. ²⁵Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. ²⁶Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India. ²⁷School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. ²⁸Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco. ²⁹Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (National Institute of Pediatrics), Mexico City, Mexico. ³⁰School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. ³¹Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. ³²Pulmonology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc ; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. ³³Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health USA, Manhasset, NY, USA. ³⁴Department of Pediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent (CPIG), PID Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Model Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. ³⁵The Genetics Institute Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. ³⁶Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. ³⁷Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ³⁸Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA. ³⁹Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ⁴⁰Departments of Pediatrics, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA ⁴¹Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. ⁴²Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) ⁴³Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. ⁴⁴Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. ⁴⁵Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece ⁴⁶Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu Estonia. ⁴⁷Chang Gung University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. ⁴⁸Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. ⁴⁹Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. ⁵⁰Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ⁵¹Columbia University Zuckerman Institute, New York, NY ⁵²Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, The Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ⁵³Primary Immunodeficiency Clinical Unit and Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. ⁵⁴Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven; KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation; Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. ⁵⁵Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ⁵⁶University Clinic for Children’s Diseases, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Medical Faculty, University “St.Cyril and Methodij” Skopje, North Macedonia. ⁵⁷Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ⁵⁸Tokyo Medical & Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. ⁵⁹A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore. ⁶⁰National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ⁶¹Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy. ⁶²Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy. ⁶³Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. ⁶⁴Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. ⁶⁵Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent – Ankara, Turkey. ⁶⁶Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Human Diseases, Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain. ⁶⁷IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. ⁶⁸Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil. ⁶⁹Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain. ⁷⁰Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, CNRS U2000, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, Paris, France. ⁷¹University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria. ⁷²Department of Immunology, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Canarian Health System, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ⁷³Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Centre for Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. ⁷⁴Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University, V Uvalu, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. ⁷⁵Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Rare Diseases Center and Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ⁷⁶Saeed Pathobiology and Genetics Lab, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. ⁷⁷Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia. ⁷⁸Central European Institute of Technology & Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. ⁷⁹Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. ⁸⁰Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain. ⁸¹St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands ⁸²Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. ⁸³Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia. ⁸⁴Al Jalila Children’s Hospital, Dubai, UAE ⁸⁵BC Children’s Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada ⁸⁶Centre for Precision Therapeutics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine Centre, NeuroGen Children Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh ⁸⁷College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE; Cellular Intelligence (Ci) Lab, GenomeArc Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada ⁸⁸Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ⁸⁹Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada. ⁹⁰Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin University Hospital Center, Berlin, Germany; Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institutes of Health (BIH), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany. ⁹¹Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ⁹²Molecular Biophysics Division, Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland. ⁹³The Rockefeller University & Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA; Necker Hospital for Sick Children & INSERM, Paris, France.

COVID-STORM Clinicians

Giuseppe Foti¹, Giacomo Bellani¹, Giuseppe Citerio¹, Ernesto Contro¹, Alberto Pesci², Maria Grazia Valsecchi³, Marina Cazzaniga⁴

¹Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy. ²Department of Pneumology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy. ³Center of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy. ⁴Phase I Research Center, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.

COVID Clinicians

Jorge Abad¹, Giulia Accordino², Cristian Achille³, Sergio Aguilera-Albesa⁴, Aina Aguiló-Cucurull⁵, Alessandro AIUTI⁶, Esra Akyüz Özkan⁷, Ilad Alavi Darazam⁸, Jonathan Antonio Roblero Albisures⁹, Juan C Aldave¹⁰, Miquel Alfonso Ramos¹¹, Taj Ali Khan¹², Anna Aliberti¹³, Seyed Alireza Nadji¹⁴, Gulsum Alkan¹⁵, Suzan A. AlKhater¹⁶, Jerome Allardet-Servent¹⁷, Luis M Allende¹⁸, Rebeca ALONSO-ARIAS¹⁹, Mohammed S Alshahrani²⁰, Laia Alsina²¹, Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian²², Blanca Amador Borrero²³, Zahir Amoura²⁴, Arnau Antolí²⁵, Romain Arrestier²⁶, Mélodie Aubart²⁷, Teresa Auguet²⁸, Iryna Avramenko²⁹, Gökhan Aytekin³⁰, Axelle Azot³¹, Seiamak Bahram³², Fanny Bajolle³³, Fausto Baldanti³⁴, Aurélie Baldolli³⁵, Maite Ballester³⁶, Hagit Baris Feldman³⁷, Benoit Barrou³⁸, Federica BARZAGH⁶, Sabrina Basso³⁹, Gulsum Iclal BAYHAN⁴⁰, Alexandre Belot⁴¹, Liliana BEZRODNIK⁴², Agurtzane Bilbao⁴³, Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner⁴⁴, Ignacio Blanco⁴⁵, Adeline Blandinières⁴⁶, Daniel Blázquez-Gamero⁴⁷, Alexandre Bleibtreu⁴⁸, Marketa Bloomfield⁴⁹, Mireia Bolivar-Prados⁵⁰, Anastasiia BONDARENKO⁵¹, Alessandro Borghesi³, Raphael Borie⁵², Elisabeth Botdhlo-Nevers⁵³, Ahmed A Bousfiha⁵⁴, Aurore Bousquet⁵⁵, David Boutolleau⁵⁶, Claire Bouvattier⁵⁷, Oksana Boyarchuk⁵⁸, Juliette Bravais⁵⁹, M. Luisa Briones⁶⁰, Marie-Eve Brunner⁶¹, Raffaele Bruno⁶², Maria Rita P Bueno⁶³, Huda Bukhari⁶⁴, Jacinta Bustamante³³, Juan José Cáceres Agra⁶⁵, Ruggero Capra⁶⁶, Raphael Carapito⁶⁷, Maria Carrabba⁶⁸, Giorgio CASARI⁶, Carlos Casasnovas⁶⁹, Marion Caseris⁷⁰, Irene Cassaniti³⁴, Martin Castelle⁷¹, Francesco Castelli⁷², Martín Castillo de Vera⁷³, Mateus V Castro⁶³, Emilie Catherinot⁷⁴, Jale Bengi Celik⁷⁵, Alessandro Ceschi⁷⁶, Martin Chalumeau⁷⁷, Bruno Charbit⁷⁸, Matthew P. Cheng⁷⁹, Père Clavé⁵⁰, Bonaventura Clotet⁸⁰, Anna Codina⁸¹, Yves Cohen⁸², Roger Colobran⁸³, Cloé Comarmond⁸⁴, Alain Combes⁸⁵, Patrizia Comoli³⁹, Angelo G Corsico², Taner Coşkuner⁸⁶, Aleksandar Cvetkovski⁸⁷, Cyril Cyrus⁸⁸, David Dalmau⁸⁹, François Danion⁹⁰, David Ross Darley⁹¹, Vincent Das⁹², Nicolas Dauby⁹³, Stéphane Dauger⁹⁴, Paul De Munter⁹⁵, Loic de Pontual⁹⁶, Amin Dehban⁹⁷, Geoffroy Delplancq⁹⁸, Alexandre Demoule⁹⁹, Isabelle Desguerre¹⁰⁰, Antonio Di Sabatino¹⁰¹, Jean-Luc Diehl¹⁰², Stephanie Dobbelaere¹⁰³, Elena Domínguez-Garrido¹⁰⁴, Clément Dubost¹⁰⁵, Olov EKWALL¹⁰⁶, Şefika Elmas Bozdemir¹⁰⁷, Marwa H Elnagdy¹⁰⁸, Melike Emiroglu¹⁵, Akifumi Endo¹⁰⁹, Emine Hafize Erdeniz¹¹⁰, Selma Erol Aytekin¹¹¹, Maria Pilar ETXART LASA¹¹², Romain Euvrard¹¹³, Giovanna Fabio⁶⁸, Laurence Faivre¹¹⁴, Antonin Falck¹¹⁵, Muriel Fartoukh¹¹⁶, Morgane Faure¹¹⁷, Miguel Fernandez Arquero¹¹⁸, Ricard Ferrer¹¹⁹, Jose Ferreres¹²⁰, Carlos Flores¹²¹, Bruno Francois¹²², Victoria Fumadó¹²³, Kitty S C Fung¹²⁴, Francesca Fusco¹²⁵, Alenka Gagro¹²⁶, Blanca Garcia Solis¹²⁷, Pascale Gaussem¹²⁸, Zeynep GAYRETLI¹²⁹, Juana Gil-Herrera¹³⁰, Laurent Gilardin¹³¹, Audrey Giraud Gatineau¹³², Mònica Girona-Alarcón¹³³, Karen Alejandra Cifuentes Godínez¹³⁴, Jean-Christophe Goffard¹³⁵, Nacho GONZALES¹³⁶, Luis I Gonzalez-Granado¹³⁷, Rafaela González-Montelongo¹³⁸, Antoine Guerder¹³⁹, Belgin Gülhan¹⁴⁰, Victor Daniel Gumucio¹⁴¹, Leif Gunnar Hanitsch¹⁴², Jan Gunst¹⁴³, Marta Gut¹⁴⁴, Jérôme Hadjadj¹⁴⁵, Filomeen Haerynck¹⁴⁶, Rabih Halwani¹⁴⁷, Lennart Hammarström¹⁴⁸, Selda HANCERLI¹⁴⁹, Tetyana Hariyan¹⁵⁰, Nevin Hatipoglu¹⁵¹, Deniz Heppekcan¹⁵², Elisa Hernandez-Brito¹⁵³, Po-ki Ho¹⁵⁴, María Soledad Holanda-Peña¹⁵⁵, Juan P Horcajada¹⁵⁶, Sami Hraiech¹⁵⁷, Linda Humbert¹⁵⁸, Ivan F N Hung¹⁵⁹, Alejandro D. Iglesias¹⁶⁰, Antonio Íñigo-Campos¹³⁸, Matthieu Jamme¹⁶¹, María Jesús Arranz⁸⁹, Marie-Thérèse Jimeno¹⁶², Iolanda Jordan¹³³, Saliha Kanık Yüksek¹⁶³, Yalcin Burak Kara¹⁶⁴, Aydın Karahan¹⁶⁵, Adem KARBUZ¹⁶⁶, Kadriye Kart Yasar¹⁶⁷, Ozgur Kasapcopur¹⁶⁸, Kenichi Kashimada¹⁶⁹, Sevgi Keles¹¹¹, Yasemin Kendir Demirkol¹⁷⁰, Yasutoshi Kido¹⁷¹, Can KIZIL¹⁷², Ahmet Osman Kılıç¹⁷³, Adam Klocperk¹⁷⁴, Antonia Koutsoukou¹⁷⁵, Zbigniew J. Król¹⁷⁶, Hatem Ksouri¹⁷⁷, Paul Kuentz¹⁷⁸, Arthur M C Kwan¹⁷⁹, Yat Wah M Kwan¹⁸⁰, Janette S Y Kwok¹⁸¹, Jean-Christophe Lagier¹⁸², David S Y Lam¹⁸³, Vicky Lampropoulou¹⁸⁴, Fanny Lanternier¹⁸⁵, Yu-Lung LAU¹⁸⁶, Fleur Le Bourgeois⁹⁴, Yee-Sin Leo¹⁸⁷, Rafael Leon Lopez¹⁸⁸, Daniel Leung¹⁸⁶, Michael Levin¹⁸⁹, Michael Levy⁹⁴, Romain Lévy³³, Zhi Li⁷⁸, Daniele Lilleri³⁴, Edson Jose Adrian Bolanos Lima¹⁹⁰, Agnes Linglart¹⁹¹, Eduardo López-Collazo¹⁹², José M. Lorenzo-Salazar¹³⁸, Céline Louapre¹⁹³, Catherine Lubetzki¹⁹³, Kwok-Cheung Lung¹⁹⁴, Charles-Edouard Luyt¹⁹⁵, David C Lye¹⁹⁶, Cinthia MAGNONE¹⁹⁷, Davood Mansouri¹⁹⁸, Enrico Marchioni¹⁹⁹, Carola Marioli², Majid Marjani²⁰⁰, Laura MARQUES²⁰¹, Jesus Marquez Pereira²⁰², Andrea Martín-Nalda²⁰³, David Martínez Pueyo²⁰⁴, Javier Martinez-Picado²⁰⁵, Iciar Marzana²⁰⁶, Carmen Mata-Martínez²⁰⁷, Alexis Mathian²⁴, Larissa RB Matos⁶³, Gail V Matthews²⁰⁸, Julien Mayaux²⁰⁹, Raquel McLaughlin-Garcia²¹⁰, Philippe Meersseman²¹¹, Jean-Louis Mège²¹², Armand Mekontso-Dessap²¹³, Isabelle Melki¹¹⁵, Federica Meloni², Jean-François Meritet²¹⁴, Paolo Merlani²¹⁵, Özge METIN AKCAN²¹⁶, Isabelle Meyts²¹⁷, Mehdi Mezidi²¹⁸, Isabelle Migeotte²¹⁹, Maude Millereux²²⁰, Matthieu Million²²¹, Tristan Mirault²²², Clotilde Mircher²²³, Mehdi Mirsaeidi²²⁴, Yoko Mizoguchi²²⁵, Bhavi P Modi²²⁶, Francesco Mojoli¹³, Elsa MONCOMBLE²²⁷, Abián Montesdeoca Melián²²⁸, Antonio Morales Martinez²²⁹, Francisco Morandeira²³⁰, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange²³¹, Cléemence Mordacq¹⁵⁸, Guillaume Morelle²³², Stéphane J Mouly²³³, Adrián Muñoz-Barrera¹³⁸, Cyril Nafati²³⁴, Shintaro Nagashima²³⁵, Yu Nakagama¹⁷¹, Bénédicte Neven²³⁶, João Farela Neves²³⁷, Lisa FP Ng²³⁸, Yuk-Yung Ng²³⁹, hubert Nielly¹⁰⁵, Yeray Novoa Medina²¹⁰, Esmeralda Nuñez Cuadros²⁴⁰, J. Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals²⁴¹, Keisuke Okamoto¹⁰⁹, Mehdi Oualha³³, Amani Ouedrani²², Tayfun Özçelik²⁴², Aslinur Ozkaya-Parlakay¹⁴⁰, Michele Pagani¹³, Qiang Pan-Hammarström¹⁴⁸, Maria Papadaki²⁴³, Christophe Parizot²⁰⁹, Philippe Parola²⁴⁴, Tiffany Pascreau²⁴⁵, Stéphane Paul²⁴⁶, Estela Paz-Artal²⁴⁷, Sigifredo Pedraza²⁴⁸, Nancy Carolina González Pellecer¹³⁴, Silvia Pellegrini²⁴⁹, Rebeca Pérez de Diego¹²⁷, Xosé Luis Pérez-Fernández¹⁴¹, Aurélien Philippe²⁵⁰, Quentin Philippot¹¹⁶, Adrien Picod²⁵¹, Marc Pineton de Chambrun⁸⁵, Antonio Piralla³⁴, Laura Planas-Serra²⁵², Dominique Ploin²⁵³, Julien Poissy²⁵⁴, Géraldine Poncelet⁷⁰, Garyphallia Poulakou¹⁷⁵, Marie S Pouletty²⁵⁵, Persia Pourshahnazari²⁵⁶, Jia Li Qiu-Chen²⁵⁷, Paul Quentric²⁰⁹, Thomas Rambaud²⁵⁸, Didier Raoult²¹², Violette RAOULT²⁵⁹, Anne-Sophie Rebillat²²³, Claire Redin²⁶⁰, Léa Resmini²⁶¹, Pilar Ricart²⁶², Jean-Christophe Richard²⁶³, Raúl Rigo-Bonnin²⁶⁴, Nadia rivet⁴⁶, Jacques G Rivière²⁶⁵, Gemma Rocamora-Blanch²⁵, Mathieu P RODERO²⁶⁶, Carlos Rodrigo²⁶⁷, Luis Antonio Rodriguez¹⁹⁰, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego²⁶⁸, Agustí Rodriguez-Palmero²⁶⁹, Carolina Soledad Romero²⁷⁰, Anya Rothenbuhler²⁷¹, Damien Roux²⁷², Nikoletta Rovina¹⁷⁵, Flore Rozenberg²⁷³, Yvon Ruch⁹⁰, Montse Ruiz²⁷⁴, Maria Yolanda Ruiz del Prado²⁷⁵, Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rodriguez¹¹⁹, Joan Sabater-Riera¹⁴¹, Kai Saks²⁷⁶, Maria Salagianni¹⁸⁴, Oliver Sanchez²⁷⁷, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá²⁷⁸, Silvia Sánchez-Ramón²⁷⁹, Laire Schidlowski²⁸⁰, Agatha Schluter²⁵², Julien Schmidt²⁸¹, Matthieu Schmidt²⁸², Catharina Schuetz²⁸³, Cyril E Schweitzer²⁸⁴, Francesco Scolari²⁸⁵, Anna Sediva²⁸⁶, Luis Seijo²⁸⁷, Analia Gisela Seminario⁴², Damien Sene²³, Piseth Seng²²¹, Sevtap Senoglu¹⁶⁷, Mikko Seppänen²⁸⁸, Alex Serra Llovich²⁸⁹, Mohammad Shahrooei⁹⁷, Anna Shcherbina²⁹⁰, Virginie Siguret²⁹¹, Eleni Siouti²⁹², David M Smadja²⁹³, Nikaia Smith⁷⁸, Ali Sobh²⁹⁴, Xavier Solanich²⁵, Jordi Solé-Violán²⁹⁵, Catherine Soler²⁹⁶, Pere Soler-Palacín²⁹⁷, Betül Sözeri⁸⁶, Giulia Maria Stella², Yuriy Stepanovskiy²⁹⁸, Annabelle Stoclin²⁹⁹, Fabio Taccone²¹⁹, Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte³⁰⁰, Jean-Luc Taupin³⁰¹, Simon J Tavernier³⁰², Loreto Vidaur Tello¹¹², Benjamin Terrier³⁰³, Guillaume Thiery³⁰⁴, Christian Thorball²⁶⁰, Karolina THORN³⁰⁵, Caroline Thumerelle¹⁵⁸, Imran Tipu³⁰⁶, Martin Tolstrup³⁰⁷, Gabriele Tomasoni³⁰⁸, Julie Toubiana⁷⁷, Josep Trenado Alvarez³⁰⁹, Vasiliki TRIANTAFYLLIA³¹⁰, Sophie TROUILLET-ASSANT³¹¹, Jesús Troya³¹², Owen T Y Tsang³¹³, Liina Tserel³¹⁴, Eugene Y K Tso³¹⁵, Alessandra Tucci³¹⁶, Şadiye Kübra Tüter Öz¹⁵, Matilde Valeria Ursini¹²⁵, Takanori Utsumi²²⁵, Yurdagul Uzunhan³¹⁷, Pierre Vabres³¹⁸, Juan Valencia-Ramos³¹⁹, Ana Maria Van Den Rym¹²⁷, Isabelle Vandernoot³²⁰, Valentina Velez-Santamaria³²¹, Silvia Patricia Zuniga Veliz¹³⁴, Mateus C Vidigal³²², Sébastien Viel²⁵³, Cédric Vilain³²³, Marie E Vilaire-Meunier²²³, Judit Villar-García³²⁴, Audrey Vincent⁵⁷, Guillaume Vogt³²⁵, Guillaume Voiriot³²⁶, Alla Volokha³²⁷, Fanny Vuotto¹⁵⁸, Els Wauters³²⁸, Joost Wauters³²⁹, Alan K L Wu³³⁰, Tak-Chiu Wu³³¹, Aysun Yahşi³³², Osman YESILBAS³³³, Mehmet Yildiz¹⁶⁸, Barnaby E Young¹⁸⁷, Ufuk Yükselmiş³³⁴, Mayana Zatz⁶³, Marco Zecca³⁹, Valentina Zuccaro⁶², Van Praet Jens³³⁵, Lambrecht Bart N.³³⁶, Van Braeckel Eva³³⁶, Bosteels Cédric³³⁶, Hoste Levi³³⁷, Hoste Eric³³⁸, Fré Bauters³³⁶, Jozefien De Clercq³³⁶, Heijmans Cathérine³³⁹, Slabbynck Hans³⁴⁰, Naesens Leslie3⁴¹, Benoit Florkin³⁴², Cécile Boulanger³⁴³, Dimitri Vanderlinden³⁴⁴

¹Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. ²Respiratory Diseases Division, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. ³Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. ⁴Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain. ⁵Jeffrey Model Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Immunology Division, Genetics Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. ⁶Immunohematology Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. ⁷Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Pediatrics, Samsun, Turkey. ⁸Department of Infectious Diseases, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ⁹Hospital Regional de Huehuetenango, “Dr. Jorge Vides de Molina”, Guatemala. ¹⁰Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru. ¹¹Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat Spain. ¹²Khyber Medical University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ¹³Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Rianimazione I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. ¹⁴Virology Research Center, National institutes of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ¹⁵Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey. ¹⁶College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. ¹⁷Intensive care unit, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France. ¹⁸Immunology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. ¹⁹Immunology Department, Asturias Central University Hospital, Biosanitary Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain. ²⁰Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Departments, College of Medicine, Imam AbdulRahman Ben Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. ²¹Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ²²Department of Biological Immunology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, APHP and INEM, Paris, France. ²³Internal medicine department, Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP; Université de Paris, Paris, France. ²⁴Internal medicine department, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France. ²⁵Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. ²⁶Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, AP-HP; Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France. ²⁷INSERM U1163, University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France & Pediatric Neurology Department, Necker-Enfants malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France. ²⁸Hospital U. de Tarragona Joan XXIII. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV). IISPV, Tarragona, Spain. ²⁹Department of Propedeutics of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine. ³⁰Department of Immunology and Allergy, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey. ³¹Private practice, Paris, France. ³²INSERM U1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. ³³Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France. ³⁴Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. ³⁵Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU de Caen, Caen, France. ³⁶Consorcio Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain. ³⁷The Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. ³⁸Dept Urology, Nephrology, Transplantation, APHP-SU, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U 1082, Paris, France. ³⁹Cell Factory and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. ⁴⁰Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara City Hospital, Children’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. ⁴¹University of Lyon, CIRI, INSERM U1111, National referee center RAISE, Pediatric Rheumatology, HFME, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. ⁴²Center for Clinical Immunology, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ⁴³Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia, Spain. ⁴⁴Pediatric Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland. ⁴⁵University Hospital and Research Institute “Germans Trias i Pujol”, Badalona, Spain. ⁴⁶Hematology, Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Paris, France. ⁴⁷Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. ⁴⁸Infectious disease Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-AP, Paris, France. ⁴⁹Department of Pediatrics, Thomayer’s Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, Motol University Hospital, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. ⁵⁰Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepàticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd). Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain. ⁵¹Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. ⁵²Service de Pneumologie, Hopital Bichat, APHP, Paris, France. ⁵³Department of infectious diseases, CIC1408, GIMAP CIRI INSERM U1111, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France. ⁵⁴Clinical immunology unit, pediatric infectious disease departement, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Averroes University Hospital. LICIA Laboratoire d’immunologie clinique, d’inflammation et d’allergie, Hassann Ii University., Casablanca, Morocco. ⁵⁵Bégin Military Hospital, St Mandé, France. ⁵⁶Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France. ⁵⁷Endocrinology unit, APHP Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. ⁵⁸Department of Children’s Diseases and Pediatric Surgery, I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine. ⁵⁹Pneumology Unit, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France. ⁶⁰Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Clínico y Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. ⁶¹Intensive care unit, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, Neuchâtel, Switzerland. ⁶²Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. ⁶³Human Genome and stem-cell research center- University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ⁶⁴Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. ⁶⁵Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. ⁶⁶MS Center, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy. ⁶⁷Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, ITI TRANSPLANTEX NG, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. ⁶⁸Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. ⁶⁹Neuromuscular Unit. Neurology Department. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge – IDIBELL and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain. ⁷⁰Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France. ⁷¹Pediatric Immuno-hematology Unit, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France. ⁷²Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy. ⁷³Doctoral Health Care Center, Canarian Health System, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. ⁷⁴Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France. ⁷⁵Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Konya, Turkey. ⁷⁶Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale & Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland. ⁷⁷Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris University, AP-HP, Paris, France. ⁷⁸Pasteur Institute, Paris, France. ⁷⁹McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. ⁸⁰University Hospital and Research Institute “Germans Trias i Pujol”, IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, UVic-UCC, Badalona, Spain. ⁸¹Clinical Biochemistry, Pathology, Pediatric Neurology and Molecular Medicine Departments and Biobank, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER-ISCIII, Esplugues, Spain. ⁸²AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Bobigny, France; University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France; INSERM, U942, F-75010, Paris, France. ⁸³Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. ⁸⁴Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France. ⁸⁵Service de médecine Intensive Réanimation, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, France. ⁸⁶Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. ⁸⁷Faculty of Medical Sciences at University “Goce Delcev”, Shtip, North Macedonia. ⁸⁸Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. ⁸⁹Fundació Docencia i Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. ⁹⁰Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. ⁹¹UNSW Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School; Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital Darlinghurst, Sidney, Australia. ⁹²Intensive Care unit, Montreuil hospital, Montreuil, France. ⁹³CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. ⁹⁴Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Robert-Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France. ⁹⁵General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. ⁹⁶Hôpital Jean Verdier, APHP, Bondy, France. ⁹⁷Specialized Immunology Laboratory of Dr. Shahrooei, Sina Medical Complex, Ahvaz, Iran. ⁹⁸Centre de génétique humaine, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France. ⁹⁹Sorbonne Université médecine and APHP Sorbonne université site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. ¹⁰⁰Pediatric Neurology Department, Necker-Enfants malades hospital, APHP, Paris, France. ¹⁰¹Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. ¹⁰²Intensive Care unit, Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Paris, France. ¹⁰³Department of Pneumology, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium. ¹⁰⁴Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain. ¹⁰⁵Bégin military Hospital, Saint Mandé, France. ¹⁰⁶Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. ¹⁰⁷Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. ¹⁰⁸Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. ¹⁰⁹Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. ¹¹⁰Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey. ¹¹¹Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Konya, Turkey. ¹¹²University Donostia Hospital, Gipuzkoa, Spain. ¹¹³Internal Medicine, University Hospital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. ¹¹⁴Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France. ¹¹⁵Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France. ¹¹⁶APHP Tenon Hospital, Paris, France. ¹¹⁷Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France. ¹¹⁸Department of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. ¹¹⁹Intensive Care Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Shock, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation Research Group. Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ¹²⁰Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico y Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. ¹²¹Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. ¹²²CHU Limoges and INSERM CIC 1435 & UMR 1092, Limoges, France. ¹²³Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain. ¹²⁴Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong. ¹²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati-Traverso’, IGB-CNR, Naples, Italy. ¹²⁶Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Medical Faculty Osijek, Osijek, Croatia. ¹²⁷Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Human Diseases, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain. ¹²⁸Hematology, APHP, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou and INSERM UMR-S1140, Paris, France. ¹²⁹Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. ¹³⁰Division of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria “Gregorio Marañón”, Madrid, Spain. ¹³¹Bégin military Hospital, Bégin, France. ¹³²Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France, French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France. ¹³³Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. ¹³⁴Guatemala. ¹³⁵Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. ¹³⁶Immunodeficiencies Unit, Research Institute Hospital, madrid, Spain. ¹³⁷Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatrics, University Hospital 12 octubre, Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. ¹³⁸Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. ¹³⁹Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. ¹⁴⁰Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. ¹⁴¹Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. ¹⁴²Immunodeficiency Outpatient Clinic, Institute for Medical Immunology, FOCIS Center of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. ¹⁴³Surgical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. ¹⁴⁴CNAG-CRG, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. ¹⁴⁵Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP-CUP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France. ¹⁴⁶Department of Pediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Model Diagnosis and Research Center, PID research lab, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. ¹⁴⁷Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, Sharjah, UAE. ¹⁴⁸Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE14183, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ¹⁴⁹Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. ¹⁵⁰I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine. ¹⁵¹Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey. ¹⁵²Health Sciences University, Darıca Farabi Education and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey. ¹⁵³Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Canarian Health System, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. ¹⁵⁴Department of Pediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. ¹⁵⁵IntensivenCare Unit. Marqués de Valdecilla Hospital, Santander, Spain. ¹⁵⁶Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), UAB, UPF, Barcelona. ¹⁵⁷Intensive care unit, APHM, Marseille, France. ¹⁵⁸CHU Lille, Lille, France. ¹⁵⁹Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. ¹⁶⁰Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ¹⁶¹Centre hospitalier intercommunal Poissy Saint Germain en Laye, Poissy, France. ¹⁶²IHU Méditerranée Infection, Service de l’Information Médicale, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France. ¹⁶³Health Science University Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. ¹⁶⁴School of Medicine, General Surgery Department Fevzi Çakmak Mah, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. ¹⁶⁵Mersin City Education and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey. ¹⁶⁶Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascıoglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. ¹⁶⁷Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey. ¹⁶⁸Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. ¹⁶⁹Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. ¹⁷⁰Health Sciences University, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. ¹⁷¹Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan. ¹⁷²Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit of Osman Gazi University Medical School in Eskişehir, Turkey. ¹⁷³Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey. ¹⁷⁴Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. ¹⁷⁵ICU, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece. ¹⁷⁶Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland. ¹⁷⁷Clinique des soins intensifs, HFR Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. ¹⁷⁸Oncobiologie Génétique Bioinformatique, PC Bio, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France. ¹⁷⁹Department of Intensive Care, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong. ¹⁸⁰Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Authority Infectious Disease Center, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), China. ¹⁸¹Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. ¹⁸²Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. ¹⁸³Department of Pediatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong. ¹⁸⁴Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. ¹⁸⁵Necker hospital, Paris, France. ¹⁸⁶Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. ¹⁸⁷National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore. ¹⁸⁸Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain. ¹⁸⁹Imperial College, London, England. ¹⁹⁰Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala. ¹⁹¹Endocrinology and diabetes for children, AP-HP, Bicêtre Paris-saclay hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. ¹⁹²Innate Immunity group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain. ¹⁹³Neurology unit, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France. ¹⁹⁴Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong. ¹⁹⁵Intensive care unit, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France. ¹⁹⁶National Centre for Infectious Diseases; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore. ¹⁹⁷Hospital de Niños Dr Ricardo Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ¹⁹⁸Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,, Tehran, Iran. ¹⁹⁹Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy. ²⁰⁰Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ²⁰¹Coordenadora da Unidade de Infeciologia e Imunodeficiências do Serviço de Pediatria, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Porto, Portugal. ²⁰²Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and University of Barcelona,, Barcelona, Spain. ²⁰³Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ²⁰⁴Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ²⁰⁵IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, ICREA, UVic-UCC, Research Institute “Germans Trias i Pujol”, Badalona, Spain. ²⁰⁶Department of Laboratory, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain, Bizkaia, Spain. ²⁰⁷Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, Madrid, Spain. ²⁰⁸University of New South Wales, Australia. ²⁰⁹APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France. ²¹⁰Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Canarian Health System, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. ²¹¹Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. ²¹²Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France. ²¹³Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP). Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Université Paris Est Créteil, France. ²¹⁴APHP Cohin Hospital, Paris, France. ²¹⁵Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland. ²¹⁶Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Konya, Turkey. ²¹⁷Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven; KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation; Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. ²¹⁸Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France. ²¹⁹Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium. ²²⁰Centre hospitalier de gonesse, Gonesse, France. ²²¹Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. ²²²Vascular Medicine, Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Paris, France. ²²³Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France. ²²⁴Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA. ²²⁵Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. ²²⁶BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. ²²⁷Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France. ²²⁸Guanarteme Health Care Center, Canarian Health System, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. ²²⁹Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. ²³⁰Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. ²³¹Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France. ²³²Department of General Pediatrics, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, University of Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. ²³³INSERM U1144, Université de Paris, DMU INVICTUS, APHP.Nord, Département de Médecine Interne, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France. ²³⁴CHU de La Timone, Marseille, France. ²³⁵Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. ²³⁶Pediatric Immunology and rhumatology Department,Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France. ²³⁷Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal. ²³⁸Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technlogy Centre, A*STAR; Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore. ²³⁹Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong. ²⁴⁰Regional Universitary Hospital of Malaga, Málaga, Spain. ²⁴¹Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. ²⁴²Bilkent University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey. ²⁴³BRFAA, Athens, Greece. ²⁴⁴IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. ²⁴⁵L’Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France. ²⁴⁶Department of Immunology, CIC1408, GIMAP CIRI INSERM U1111, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, St Etienne, France. ²⁴⁷Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. ²⁴⁸Mexico. ²⁴⁹Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. ²⁵⁰APHP Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. ²⁵¹AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Bobigny, France; INSERM UMR-S 942, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Conditions (MASCOT), University of Paris, Paris, France. ²⁵²Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL-Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona; CIBERER U759, ISCiii Madrid, Spain. ²⁵³Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. ²⁵⁴Univ. Lille, INSERM U1285, CHU Lille, Pôle de médecine intensive-réanimation, CNRS, UMR 8576 – Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France. ²⁵⁵Department of General pediatrics, Robert Debre Hospital, Paris, France. ²⁵⁶University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. ²⁵⁷Jeffrey Model Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ²⁵⁸AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Bobigny, France; University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France. ²⁵⁹Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis, St Denis, France. ²⁶⁰Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. ²⁶¹Paris Cardiovascular Center, PARCC, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France. ²⁶²Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain. ²⁶³Medical intensive care unit. Hopital de la Croix-Rousse. Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. ²⁶⁴Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. ²⁶⁵Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus., Barcelona, Spain. ²⁶⁶Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-8601; Team Chemistry & Biology, Modeling & Immunology for Therapy, CBMIT, Paris, France. ²⁶⁷Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute. Badalona, Badalona, Spain. ²⁶⁸Department of Immunology, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Canarian Health System, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. ²⁶⁹Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat; University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ²⁷⁰Consorcio Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain. ²⁷¹APHP Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Paris, France. ²⁷²Intensive Care Unit, Louis-Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France. ²⁷³Virology unit, Université de Paris, Cohin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France. ²⁷⁴Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory and CIBERER U759, Barcelona, Spain. ²⁷⁵Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain. ²⁷⁶University of Tartu, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Tartu, Estonia. ²⁷⁷Respiratory medicine, Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Paris, France. ²⁷⁸Infectious Diseases Department, International Health Program of the Catalan Insitute of Health (PROSICS), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ²⁷⁹Hospital Clínico San Carlos and IdSSC, Madrid, Spain. ²⁸⁰Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil. ²⁸¹AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Bobigny, France. ²⁸²Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. ²⁸³Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. ²⁸⁴CHRU de Nancy, Hôpital d’Enfants, Vandoeuvre, France. ²⁸⁵Chair of Nephrology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. ²⁸⁶Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. ²⁸⁷Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Ciberes, Madrid, Spain. ²⁸⁸HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Children and Adolescents, Rare Disease Center, and Inflammation Center, Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Majakka, Helsinki, Finland. ²⁸⁹Fundació Docencia i Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain. ²⁹⁰D.Rogachev National Medical and Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunoogy, Moscow, Russia. ²⁹¹Haematology Laboratory, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France. ²⁹²Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens. ²⁹³INSERM U1140, University of Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France. ²⁹⁴Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. ²⁹⁵Critical Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Canarian Health System, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. ²⁹⁶CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France. ²⁹⁷Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, EU., Barcelona, Spain. ²⁹⁸Department of pediatric infectious diseases and pediatric immunology, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. ²⁹⁹Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. ³⁰⁰Intensive Care Unit, Avicenne Hospital, APHP, Bobigny, France. ³⁰¹Laboratory of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France. ³⁰²Center for Inflammation Research, Laboratory of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. ³⁰³Department of Internal Medicine, Université de Paris, INSERM, U970, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France. ³⁰⁴Service de médecine intensive réanimation, CHU de Saint-Etienne, France. ³⁰⁵Dept of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. ³⁰⁶University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. ³⁰⁷Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. ³⁰⁸First Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy. ³⁰⁹Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari MutuaTerrassa, Universitat Barcelona, Terrassa, Spain. ³¹⁰Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. ³¹¹International Center of Research in Infectiology, Lyon University, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, ENS, UCBL, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France. ³¹²Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. ³¹³Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong. ³¹⁴University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu, Estonia. ³¹⁵Department of Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong. ³¹⁶Hematology Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy. ³¹⁷Pneumologie, Hôpital Avicenne, APHP, INSERM U1272, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France. ³¹⁸Dermatology unit, Laboratoire GAD, INSERM UMR1231 LNC, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France. ³¹⁹University Hospital of Burgos, Burgos, Spain. ³²⁰Center of Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. ³²¹Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. ³²²University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ³²³CHU de Caen, Caen, France. ³²⁴Hospital del Mar – IMIM Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ³²⁵Neglected Human Genetics Laboratory, INSERM, University of Paris, Paris, France. ³²⁶Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. ³²⁷Pediatric Infectious Disease and Pediatric Immunology Department, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. ³²⁸Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. ³²⁹Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Departement of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium. ³³⁰Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong. ³³¹Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. ³³²Ankara City Hospital, Children’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. ³³³Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. ³³⁴Health Sciences University, Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey. ³³⁵Department of Nephrology and Infectiology, AZ Sint-Jan, Bruges, Belgium. ³³⁶Department of Pulmonology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. ³³⁷Department of Pediatric pulmonology and immunology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. ³³⁸Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. ³³⁹Department of Pediatric hemato-oncology, Jolimont Hospital; Department of Pediatric hemato-oncology, HUDERF, Brussels, Belgium. ³⁴⁰Department of Pulmonology, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium. ³⁴¹Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. ³⁴²Department of Pediatric immuno-hémato-rhumatology, CHR Citadelle, Liége, Belgium. ³⁴³Department of Pediatric hemato-oncology, UCL Louvain, Belgium. ³⁴⁴Department of Pediatrics, Saint Luc, UCL Louvain, Belgium.