Cells

Tregs potentiate skin inflammationRegulatory T cells (Tregs) regulate various immune responses all over the body, with their specific roles differing between anatomical locations. In the skin, Tregs help control wound healing, but the…

INTRODUCTIONThe cerebellum contributes to many complex brain functions, including motor control, language, and memory. During development, distinct neural cells are generated at cerebellar germinal zones in a spatiotemporally restricted…

Pathogenic esophageal TH2 cellsEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic disease triggered by exposure to food-derived allergens and characterized by chronic type 2 esophageal inflammation. Morgan et al. examined tissue-specific immune…

Who nose the T cell subsets in nasal polyps?Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps suffer from comorbid asthma and often undergo repeated surgical resections of their nasal polyps. These nasal polyps associate with type 2…

A virtual memory T cell spectrumVirtual memory T (TVM) cells that acquire a memory phenotype in the absence of foreign antigen are believed to develop in response to self-antigen exposure, but their roles in protective immunity against…

Evening out the heatThe conversion of precursors into the active layer of perovskite solar cells normally occurs by heating the underlying substrate. Conversion tends to occur near the top of the film, where solvent is lost, and unwanted…

Exposing unstable TregsThe regulatory T cell (Treg) gene expression program is stably maintained by the transcription factor Foxp3, although certain environmental signals can trigger loss of Foxp3 expression and acquisition of an effector…

Getting around the blood–brain barrierThe meninges comprise three membranes that surround and protect the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have noted the existence of myeloid cells resident there, but little is known about their…

Reconstituting the ovarian follicleRecent advances have enabled the generation of oocytes from pluripotent stem cells in vitro. However, these cells require a somatic environment to develop fully as reproductive cells. Yoshino et al.…

Regulating germinal center contractionGerminal centers (GCs) in secondary lymphoid organs are where mature B cells expand and differentiate. Although GC formation is well studied, the control of GC duration and contraction is less well…

Older age is associated with increased COVID-19 severity and mortality (1). Whether this is due to preexisting age-related health conditions or aging per se is currently unclear. On page 295 of this issue, Camell et al. (2) show that cell…

Aire-expressing cells defend the fetusThe normal maternal immune system adapts to pregnancy by learning to tolerate both allogeneic paternal and pregnancy-associated antigens expressed by the fetus and placenta. Gillis-Buck et al.…

An antiviral Dicer defends stem cellsStem cells have a pivotal role in maintaining tissue architecture, integrity, and renewal. Poirier et al. demonstrate that mammalian stem cells can protect themselves from some RNA viruses by expressing…

Despite considerable progress in recent years, pathological analysis of tissues and organs often still relies on old-fashioned microscopic techniques. Similarly, genomic and transcriptomic analysis is commonly applied to bulk tissue…

Unleashing tumor cDC1Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) perform specialized roles in antitumor immunity by processing and presenting tumor antigens that prime tumor-specific T cell responses. Using a mouse model of immunogenic…

SummaryPlants produce 24-nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to maintain asymmetric DNA methylation in cis—that is, an siRNA will methylate DNA in the same region from which it is produced (1). However, 24-nt siRNAs also direct…

Resident Kupffer cells and neutrophils drive liver toxicity in cancer immunotherapy By Marie Siwicki, Nicolas A. Gort-Freitas, Marius Messemaker, Ruben Bill, Jeremy Gungabeesoon, Camilla Engblom, Rapolas Zilionis,…

INTRODUCTIONSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19, has infected ∼120 million individuals worldwide, displaying a spectrum of disease severities that ranges from asymptomatic to…

There is currently considerable interest in the development of organic solar cells (OSCs) because of the emergence of so-called non-fullerene acceptors, which has pushed the power conversion efficiencies of OSCs close to those of inorganic…

Gliogenesis in the adult mouse brainNeural stem cells in the adult mouse brain can generate both neurons and glia. Exactly where each stem cell is positioned can determine what type of neurons it generates. Delgado et al. show that neural…

Cells respond to mechanical strain by stiffening their actin cytoskeleton, a process that is energetically costly. Salvi et al. show that cells anticipate this cost by increasing glucose transport when subjected to mechanical strain. In…