LIMA, Peru тАФ President Pedro Castillo lifted an unprecedented emergency decree that had suspended civil liberties in the Peruvian capital, Lima, on Tuesday, as his increasingly isolated government struggled to quell a series of violent protests over rising fuel, fertilizer and food costs that swept the country in recent days.
The president had announced the curfew just before midnight on Monday, in a televised message that caught residents in the capital of almost 10 million people by surprise and triggered criticism from many sectors of Peruvian society. In issuing the restrictions, he had cited the recent unrest and required that residents of Lima and the neighboring port city of Callao stay inside their homes for roughly 24 hours.
He had to backtrack on Tuesday as protesters wearing the red and white jerseys of the national soccer team and waving Peruvian flags defied the order to demand his resignation in downtown Lima, while Mr. Castillo held talks with lawmakers. Demonstrators celebrated outside of Congress after widespread discontent led Mr. Castillo to reconsider.
тАЬPeru isnтАЩt going through a good moment,тАЭ Mr. Castillo said after announcing he would lift the curfew. He added that his government had to act to solve problems, saying: тАЬWeтАЩre going to the presidential office to sign and annul this immovability measure.тАЭ
Clashes between protesters and police continued as dusk fell, with officers firing tear gas and people pelting them with rocks.
The order had gone into effect just two hours after Mr. CastilloтАЩs televised announcement, shocking a country where many have lost trust in the government after back-to-back corruption scandals, political feuds and unrest in recent years тАФ which have forced out three sitting presidents and landed former leaders and politicians in prison.
The measure had been immediately denounced by human rights lawyers, activists and critics as disproportionate and authoritarian, and analysts said it revealed growing paranoia in Mr. CastilloтАЩs administration, as he has governed erratically and shed support from across the political spectrum in his first eight months in office.
Eduardo Dargent, a political scientist in Lima, called it тАЬa defensive measure from a weak government, a clumsy government thatтАЩs growing weaker by the day.тАЭ
The office of the ombudsman, a state agency that advocates for human rights, and representatives of different political parties as well as human rights groups and business associations had all called for Mr. Castillo to repeal the measure. On Tuesday afternoon, at least hundreds of demonstrators defied the lockdown order, gathering downtown to protest and to call for Mr. CastilloтАЩs resignation.
The demonstrations against fuel and fertilizer prices, caused initially by RussiaтАЩs invasion of Ukraine, entered their second week on Monday, and had expanded into full-fledged anti-government protests in several regions, with at least four deaths tied to the unrest.
While most of the violence in recent days had taken place outside the capital, a minister in Mr. CastilloтАЩs cabinet said on Tuesday that the decision to impose a curfew across Lima had been based on information from a far-right lawmaker, Jorge Montoya, a former marine officer who just a week ago supported a second failed attempt to impeach the president.
Mr. Montoya told journalists on Tuesday that he was privy to intelligence that indicated that people planned to тАЬcome down from the hillsтАЭ to loot Lima, echoing a conspiracy theory in the capital that plays on racist tropes about Peruvians from the Andes.
Residents of the capital banged on pots and pans to protest the measure at midday on Tuesday. The streets of the capital were mostly empty during the day, according to images aired on local news stations, as public transportation was shut down, schools were closed and the police had set up checkpoints to restrict transit.
Juan Lopez, 27, a doorman in Lima, didnтАЩt find out about the curfew until Tuesday morning. тАЬEverything was desolate,тАЭ he said.
тАЬHe promised so much but he hasnтАЩt done anything,тАЭ Mr. Lopez said, referring to Mr. Castillo. The state of emergency seemed to be a тАЬprovocation,тАЭ he added. тАЬPeople are going to rise up.тАЭ
Mr. Castillo, a farmer and former union activist who for more than two months led a teachersтАЩ strike that shuttered schools in 2017, announced the decree on the eve of the 30th anniversary of Alberto FujimoriтАЩs тАЬself coup,тАЭ when the former strongman ordered the military to take control of Congress and the courts, marking the start of his authoritarian rule.
Like Mr. Fujimori, Mr. Castillo was elected democratically on a populist platform, propelled by an upswell of anti-establishment sentiment following years of economic and political crises. He narrowly beat Mr. FujimoriтАЩs daughter, who had come to embody the political elite, in last yearтАЩs election.
In his first eight months in office, Mr. Castillo has burned through political capital and sunk his approval rating as he has zigzagged from left to right, stumbling from scandal to scandal and making a series of controversial appointments, while failing to propose any meaningful reforms.
He has so far survived two impeachment attempts and faces growing accusations of corruption that analysts say will almost certainly lead him to be formally investigated for criminal activity once his term and presidential immunity end.
тАЬAs this sort of incompetency and ineffectualness continues on, the authoritarian temptation grows, and thatтАЩs where I think this is coming from,тАЭ said Jo-Marie Burt, a human rights lawyer who lived in Lima during the countryтАЩs bloody internal conflict in the 1980s, when nighttime curfews were routine as the government cracked down on a leftist insurgencies.
Even during the worst periods of violence, Peru did not enforce a 24-hour curfew, Ms. Burt said.
After ignoring the protests for several days, Mr. Castillo accused their leaders of being paid to stir up unrest, infuriating demonstrators. His prime minister told people to eat fish if they could no longer afford chicken, even though fish is more expensive, and his justice minister appeared to minimize the four deaths linked to the protests.
