EarthтАЩs evil twin, here we come. NASAтАЩs next two missions, named DAVINCI+ and VERITAS, are heading to Venus, administrator Bill Nelson announced at a news conference June 2.
тАЬThese two sister missions both aim to understand how Venus became an inferno-like world capable of melting lead at the surface,тАЭ Nelson said. тАЬWe hope these missions will further our understanding of how Earth evolved and why itтАЩs currently habitable, when others in our solar system are not.тАЭ
The missions were selected from four finalists, two headed to Venus, one to JupiterтАЩs volcanic moon Io, and one to NeptuneтАЩs largest moon Triton. The two Venus missions had applied and been rejected in earlier spacecraft selection rounds.
Venus is almost the same size as Earth, but it seems to have had a different history. Although thereтАЩs evidence that it was once covered in oceans and could have been habitable, today itтАЩs a scorched hellscape with clouds of sulfuric acid. No spacecraft has lasted more than two hours on its surface (SN: 2/13/18). And no NASA mission has visited in more than 30 years.
One of the newly selected missions, DAVINCI+, will be the first to send a probe into the planetтАЩs thick, hot atmosphere. The spacecraft will be a ball about a meter in diameter that will sink through VenusтАЩ atmosphere over the course of about an hour, taking measurements of how the content of the planetтАЩs atmosphere changes from top to bottom. The probe will also take some of the highest-resolution photos of the Venusian surface yet on its way down.
Those observations will help scientists figure out how VenusтАЩ water has changed over time, its volcanic activity now and in the past, and the planetтАЩs past potential for habitability (SN: 8/26/16). The data will also help scientists interpret observations of Earth-sized exoplanets with atmospheres that could be taken with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, giving researchers a way to tell exo-Earths from exo-Venuses (SN: 10/4/19).
The other mission, VERITAS, will orbit Venus and study the planetтАЩs surface to figure out its history and why itтАЩs so different from Earth. The orbiter will map the surface with radar, chart elevations to make 3-D maps and look for plate tectonics and volcanism still ongoing on Venus. These observations could provide data for a future mission to land on Venus (SN: 12/23/20).
The missions are expected to launch sometime between 2028 and 2030, NASA said in a statement.
