Future COVID Vaccines Must Be Better; Science Races to Respond

SOURCES 

David L. Hoey, president and CEO of Vaxxas, Cambridge, MA, and Brisbane, Australia.

Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster, PhD, assistant professor of microbiology and immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago.

Jasdave Chahal, PhD, co-founder and chief scientist, Tiba Biotech, Cambridge, MA, and Brisbane, Australia.

Vaxart news release: “Vaxart Announced Positive Top-line Phase II clinical Study Data Demonstrating Safaety and Immunogenicity of Its Wuhan S-Only COVID-19 Pill Vaccine Candidate.”

Mark Herr, spokesperson, Vaxart Inc. 

The Commonwealth Fund: “Two Years of  U.S. COVID-19 Vaccines Have Prevented Millions of Hospitalizations and Deaths.”

The Lancet Infectious Diseases: “Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study.” 

CDC: COVID Data Tracker, “Needle Fears and Phobias—Find Ways to Manage.”

U.S. Specialty Formulations news release: “Research Demonstrates Benefits of Oral COVID-19 Vaccine.”

CanSino Biologics Inc. statement: “Inside Information.” 

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations:  Email statement; News releases: “The Race to Future-Proof Coronavirus Vaccines;.”  “Coming in from the cold: needle-free patch technology for mRNA vaccines aims to end need for frozen storage and improve access.” 

Executive Office of  the President: “Statement of Administration Policy.”

Science: “Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against challenge by diverse sarbecoviruses in animal models.”

Caltech news release: “Nanoparticle Vaccine Protects Against a Spectrum of COVID-19-causing Variants and Related Viruses.”   

U.S. Government Accountability Office. “Operation Warp Speed.”

Bharat Biotech International Limited news release: “Bharat biotech launches iNCOVACC: World’s 1st intranasal COVID vaccine for Primary series and Heterologous booster.” 

The Lancet preprints: “Immunogenicity and Tolerability of BBV154 (iNCOVACC®), an Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine, Compared with Intramuscular Covaxin® in Healthy Adults: A Randomised, Open-Label, Phase 3 Clinical Trial.”

Cell: “Intranasal pediatric parainfluenza virus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is protective in monkeys.”

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases news release: “NIAID Issues Further Awards to Support Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine Development.”

CEPI news release: “CEPI and DIOSynVax partner in quest to develop broadly protective Betacoronavirus vaccine.” 

CDC: “Understanding How COVID-19 Vaccines Work.” 

Nature Immunology: “The T-cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2.”

National Institutes of Health: “T cells protect against COVID-19 in absence of antibody response.”

PNAS: “Vaccine-induced systemic and mucosal T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 viral variants.”

Cell Reports: “Pre-existing immunity modulates responses to mRNA boosters.”

University of Minnesota Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy: “Coronavirus Vaccines R&D Roadmap.”

NIH news release: “2NIAID Studies Highlight COVID-10 Natal Vaccine Potential.”

U.S. Specialty Formulations news release: “Research demonstrates benefits of oral COVID-19 vaccine.”