Soft rehabilitation gloves have become popular tools for helping patients with hand function-related disabilities recover finger movement. These gloves often use soft pneumatic actuators that employ air pressure to generate movements. Despite significant design improvements in recent years, many available soft actuators have drawbacks in achieving bidirectional motion typical of finger joints — such soft actuators facilitate finger bending (or flexion) but not finger straightening (or extension).
A group of biomedical researchers from Chiba University successfully overcame this design limitation by developing a novel foldable pouch actuator (FPA) that seamlessly integrated with existing soft actuators in the rehabilitation gloves. Professor Wenwei Yu from the Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Japan, led the research group that accomplished this feat. The research group also included Dr. Shota Kokubu and Mr. Pablo E. Tortós Vinocour from the Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Japan. They published their findings in IEEE Accesson 30 April 2024.
When asked about the motivation for the study, Prof. Yu explains, “Despite having partial hand function, many older people with hand function-related disabilities whom I’ve come across require the full attention of the healthcare staff. I wondered if an efficient and safe assistive device could bolster their hand function for daily activities, thus helping them enjoy their life better. Imagine their joy in eating their meals using their hands to manipulate spoons or chopsticks!” The FPA has indeed brought the world one step closer to this reality.
The FPA is the first-ever joint-modular bi-directional soft actuator, thanks to the efforts of Prof. Yu and his research group. It comprises a single sheet flat, foldable structure that expands only when it is pressurized, thus generating the requisite force for finger extension.Notably, the FPA facilitates finger extension in the soft rehabilitation gloves without compromising the existing functionality offered by the other soft actuators, such as finger flexion realized by fiber-reinforced elastomer-based actuators. They confirmed their findings through tests on a synthetic finger model. Results from the model showed that the integrated soft actuator could produce sufficient torque (force) for the required finger movements, including a joint bending torque of 0.17 Newton meters (Nm) and an estimated straightening torque of 0.12 Nm.
The improved design of the soft rehabilitation glove could have far-reaching clinical applications. Prof. Yu mentions a few potential applications of the upgraded soft rehabilitation gloves, all thanks to the inclusion of the FPA, “High-performance modular soft actuators could help hand function restoration in both telerehabilitation and care facility scenarios.” He adds, “The new soft actuator has the potential to be used not only for helping rehabilitation but also for assisting daily living activity as assistive devices. Due to its inherent safety, high functionality, and wearability, such assistive devices may play a major role in our aging society.”
Prof. Yu also suggested that future soft rehabilitation glove designs could benefit from enhancing manufacturing precision and controlling systems for supporting joint-specific rehabilitation.