A┬а B.C. man who stabbed his wife in the back with a kitchen knife has been found┬аnot┬аguilty because┬аhe was in a state of automatism тАФ a term describing unconscious, involuntary behaviour.
According to a B.C. Supreme Court ruling,┬аJean-Luc Charles┬аPerignon┬аstabbed his wife┬аDebra┬аfollowing an Easter Monday dinner at their Sunshine Coast home in April 2017.┬аPerignon claims he was in a state of automatism after consuming┬аalcohol and prescription drugs prior to the attack.
The most likely explanation┬аfor Perignon’s┬аactions, the judge ruled,┬аis┬аthat they┬аwere┬а“entirely involuntary because it occurred while he was effectively asleep.”┬а
According to the ruling, Perignon’s wife opened the front door to their home┬аaround 10 p.m. on Easter Monday┬аto let the dog out┬аwhen she heard her husband’s footsteps.┬а
“She never saw him, nor did she hear him say anything,” the ruling said. “She felt a ‘thump’┬аin her back and realized she had been stabbed. She reached behind her back for the knife and pulled it out herself, cutting her thumb badly in the process.”
Perignon testified his memories of that night blended into one another.┬аHe took┬аan antidepressant, and his usual mix of opioids┬аto treat pain. Ten minutes before going to bed, he took┬аzopiclone, a non-benzodiazepine commonly prescribed for insomnia.┬а
He also had┬аthree or four drinks of pastis, an anise-flavoured liqueur, around dinner time.
He remembers taking off his shoes and socks before getting into bed and feeling pain in his back.┬а
“His next memory is standing over his wife while she was lying on the floor in front of him, screaming in pain,” the judgment said. “He remembers seeing the kitchen knife on the floor near her. He was in shock.”
Perignon was charged with┬аone count of aggravated assault.
The ruling said Perignon┬аhad been taking opioids for pain following two car accidents as well as a┬аbenzodiazepine for insomnia. Guidelines prohibiting the prescription of benzodiazepines together with opioids were put in place in June 2016.
Perignon’s doctor told him he had to quit one or the other and he chose the pain medications,┬аforegoing the benzodiazepine┬аfor his insomnia.┬а
He suffered withdrawal, the ruling┬аsaid, and┬аtried different medications for his insomnia, but to no avail.┬а
In January 2017 he was prescribed zopiclone, a drug that is not in the benzodiazepine family but “is said to have a similar pharmacology,” and poses risk when combined with opioids. It is not recommended that patients take zopiclone more than 10 days in a row, the judgment said.┬а
After Perignon┬аsaw no improvement in his sleep, he was switched┬аto another drug, then┬аwent back on zopiclone. His doctor “suggested increasing the dosage by half a pill at a time until it began working,” the judgment said.
Automatism as defense rarely succeeds, says judge
A psychiatrist testified that the amount he was taking prior to the attack┬аwas “well beyond the recommended range of prescription for this medication.”
As Perignon┬аtook zopiclone, he also took a┬а“dangerously high dosage of opioids.”
“[Perignon] was certain to be in a state of impaired mental awareness, and more likely, he was [in] an altered sleep state,” read a report from a psychiatrist.┬а
“More likely than not, he was in a state of complex sleep-related behaviours.┬аAs such, Mr. Perignon would not be aware of his actions nor be able to form basic intent.”
In the judgment,┬аJustice Warren Milman┬аsaid using automatism as a defence rarely succeeds.
“Because the law assumes that, in general, people act voluntarily and are responsible for their actions, Mr.┬аPerignon bears a heavy burden to demonstrate that the ordinary presumption should not apply here,” the judgment says.┬а
Milman┬аlater says┬аPerignon┬а“has met his persuasive burden to show that his act was indeed an involuntary one.”
The ruling says┬аPerignon┬аhas had no contact with his former wife or their youngest daughter, who still lives with her, since the incident.
